The _______ network topology requires a multipoint connection.

The state when dedicated signals are idle is called __________

Which OSI layer decides the physical path the data should take?

In the process of fetching a web page from a server, the HTTP request/response typically takes _____ round-trip times (RTTs).

Your home needs to connect 15 devices to a printer. The ISP gives you a Class C address with the standard subnet mask. How many host addresses are wasted as a result?

The message 11001001 is to be transmitted using the CRC polynomial x^3 + 1 to protect it from errors. The message that should be transmitted is:

A network has a data transmission bandwidth of 20 × 10⁶ bits per second. It uses CSMA/CD in the MAC layer. The maximum signal propagation time from one node to another node is 40 microseconds. The minimum size of a frame in the network is ___________ bytes

Consider a TCP client and a TCP server running on two different machines. After completing data transfer, the TCP client calls close to terminate the connection and a FIN segment is sent to the TCP server. Server-side TCP responds by sending an ACK which is received by the client-side TCP. As per the TCP connection state diagram(RFC 793), in which state does the client side TCP connection wait for the FIN from the server-side TCP?

Consider the following statements regarding the slow start phase of the TCP congestion control algorithm. Note that cwnd stands for the TCP congestion window and MSS denotes the Maximum Segment Size.

1. The cwnd increase by 2 MSS on every successful acknowledgement.
2. The cwnd approximately doubles on every successful acknowledgedment.
3. The cwnd increase by 1 MSS every round trip time.
4. The cwnd approximately doubles every round trip time.

Consider the three-way handshake mechanism followed during TCP connection establishment between hosts P and Q. Let X and Y be two random 32-bit starting sequence numbers chosen by P and Q respectively. Suppose P sends TCP connection request message to Q with a TCP segment having a SYN bit = 1. SEQ number = X, and ACK bit = 0. Suppose Q accepts the connection request. Which one of the following choices represents the information present in the TCP segment header that is sent by Q to P?